Planck E PressCenter Articles


Building Quantum Theory


Location: São Paulo, Brazil
Date published: 2023-11-06
Date modified: 2023-11-06
Reading time: 00:01:04

Author: Patrizia Tomasi-Bensik

Building Quantum Theory

“The difficulty lies not so much in developing new ideas as in escaping from old ones.”

John Maynard Keynes

 

Max Planck was very conservative.  So much so that even though he was certain that he had found something in physics comparable to what Isaac Newton had found, he spent two years trying to prove his idea wrong.

If radiant energy can only be absorbed and emitted in tiny amounts, there is no language in classical physics to define it.

That's when Planck looked up at the sky.

Perhaps our smallness in the face of the Universe gave him the courage to assume that light is not a continuous flow of energy, but small totals, small packets of energy.

Quantum mechanics begins with these little packets: quanta.

The first conclusion?  The energy of a quantum of light must be equal to the product of the frequency of light and Planck's constant.

The other problem is the ultraviolet catastrophe, where the specific heat of solids at high temperatures led to values compatible with Newtonian physics, and at low temperatures directly contradicted it.

Quantum mechanics answers brilliantly.  Light consists of electromagnetic waves and/or light quanta.  The quantum phenomenon explains the elastic vibrations of atoms in solid bodies and solves the ultraviolet catastrophe.

The next big step, the explanation of the atomic model, was taken by Bohr in 1913.

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